Article View - TPM - Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology

BONEY PRIYA P JOSE,NEHA BRAHMA,TEJASVI RAJESH,AKSHAYAVI SWANATHAN,VIMAL S,DR. K RUDHRA

DOI: https://doi.org/

Acne vulgaris remains one of the most prevalent dermatological conditions globally, profoundly affecting the quality of life of individuals across diverse age groups. Closed comedones, or whiteheads, represent an early, non-inflammatory lesion in acne pathogenesis that often progresses to inflammatory papules or pustules if left untreated. Contemporary therapeutic approaches are evolving beyond conventional pharmacological interventions, with minimally invasive technologies such as radiofrequency (RF) therapy and microneedling emerging as promising modalities. This review delineates the mechanistic principles, efficacy profiles, and safety considerations of RF and needling therapies, drawing from contemporary literature to evaluate their roles in the management of closed comedones.