NIHAD JASSIM MUHAMMAD , PROF. DR. HAIDER JIJAN
DOI: https://doi.org/Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the most honorable of prophets and messengers, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad al-Mustafa al-Amin, and upon his pure and virtuous family. God Almighty has set standards for human life, and these standards are the guidelines by which he guides his worldly and otherworldly life. Sometimes, a person walks the right path, without needing affliction or anything else. Other times, a person does not need a shock to restore his awareness, and this shock may come through a trial that God Almighty inflicts upon him or a calamity that returns him to the right path. These trials and their causes may be of great importance in returning a person to the path of God Almighty. They have educational value, purifying souls and spirits, and returning them to God Almighty. We find a number of verses of the Holy Qur'an and noble narrations in the pure Sunnah on this subject.
In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the most honorable of prophets and messengers, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, the Chosen One, the Trustworthy, and upon his pure and immaculate family. The Holy Quran is considered the primary source for many matters that researchers are accustomed to studying in their research, and also the primary source for many matters upon which the Arabic language relies. Sometimes the Arabic language requires it to express the meanings and vocabulary found in the language and addressed in the Holy Quran. These vocabulary terms are almost never identical in meaning. What we observe in the Holy Quran and its uses of these words and vocabulary does not convey a single meaning. A single word in the Holy Quran conveys multiple meanings and connotations. For example, the word "rizq" (provision) in the Holy Quran consists of three letters, and although it is originally correct, it has fourteen meanings. These meanings emerge according to the context in which it appears in the Holy Quran. Hence, the idea for this topic for study emerged: affliction and its many meanings, as well as its counterparts that convey the same meanings. These meanings must have causes and effects. These causes and effects are directly related to actions, as well as to Sharia and Sunnah, and have a clear impact on human life. Therefore, this title was chosen for study, and to examine the overall meanings and implications of this word in human life.
The research is divided into an introduction and several sections. The first section discusses the meanings of affliction and its counterparts. It branched into several subsections, which we will discuss later when embarking on the research.
The second section is titled "Prohibiting the Attribution of Affliction to God Almighty" (Test). The third section is titled "The Multiple Causes and Reasons for Affliction." It is divided into: First, "The Multiple Causes of Affliction" (Bala'), and second, "The Impact of Bad Deeds on the Causes of Affliction in the Qur'an and Sunnah." The research concludes with the most important findings, followed by sources and references.
In this study, I relied on a number of primary linguistic sources to clarify these meanings and vocabulary, as well as major books of interpretation and hadith.
