RAMYA B,MOHANA PRIYA,DR. GANESH RAMESH
DOI: https://doi.org/Leiomyosarcoma, a rare malignant tumour originating from smooth muscle cells, constitutes a relatively small portion, approximately 10-20%, of soft tissue sarcomas. (1) While it can develop directly from smooth muscle cells or precursor mesenchymal cells, many leiomyosarcomas arise in the uterus, with the remainder emerging from various soft tissue sites, often associated with smooth muscle cells in vessel walls. Among these rare occurrences, leiomyosarcoma of the ovaries is an exceptionally infrequent pathology, with fewer than 20 reported cases in the existing literature. (2)
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the ovary (POLMS) predominantly afflicts women in the peri- and postmenopausal stages of life, presenting with non-specific symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, and unintended weight loss, among others. Unfortunately, PLSO is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, sometimes accompanied by metastasis, and currently lacks well-established diagnostic and management strategies. (3)
In efforts to enhance diagnostic precision, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy assessments have been employed. Nevertheless, surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment, while the role and methods of implementing adjuvant therapies remain contentious. (4) The prognosis for primary ovarian leiomyosarcomas is dire, with outcomes contingent on factors such as tumour stage, size, grade, and mitotic index, with recurrence predominantly observed in the abdominal and pelvic regions.
The exceedingly rare and aggressive nature of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma, originating from smooth muscle cells within the ovary, sets it apart from its more common counterparts found in the uterus, gastrointestinal tract, or soft tissues. Given its scarcity, diagnostic complexities, and propensity for rapid progression, this malignancy presents an intriguing subject for clinical scrutiny and case reporting.
This case report embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the clinical presentation, diagnostic process, treatment strategies, and outcomes of a patient diagnosed with primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma. The rarity of this malignancy emphasizes the importance of documenting individual cases to expand our knowledge of its clinical behaviour, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic options. Moreover, by sharing this case, we aim to contribute to the limited body of literature available, potentially assisting healthcare professionals in early detection and improved management of future instances of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma.
