DR NAYAB RUBY , DR TAHMINA FAZIL , DR. MUHAMMAD WAQAR , DR KHALIL UR REHMAN , DR. ADEEL AHMED , DR. MUHAMMED SHUAIB YOUSAF
DOI: https://doi.org/Religious pluralism is an important topic in contemporary Islamic and academic discourse because modern societies are increasingly shaped by religious diversity, migration, globalization, multicultural citizenship, and interfaith interaction. This paper examines religious pluralism from an Islamic perspective, focusing on Qur’anic principles and contemporary challenges. The study argues that Islam recognizes religious diversity as a social reality and provides moral foundations for coexistence, justice, dialogue, freedom of belief, and respect for human dignity. At the same time, Islamic thought maintains clear theological boundaries through the doctrine of tawḥīd, prophethood, revelation, and the finality of the message of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Therefore, religious pluralism in Islam should be understood primarily as social, ethical, and civic coexistence, not as the belief that all religions are theologically identical. The paper also discusses contemporary challenges such as religious extremism, Islamophobia, sectarianism, minority rights, globalization, and religious identity. It concludes that Qur’anic teachings offer a balanced framework for peaceful coexistence while preserving Islamic religious identity.
